Full Description

The design of small systems groundwater treatment plants is frequently hampered by budgetary constraints. Because small systems often have limited financial resources, as well as low volume and flow rates it is usually impractical to employ pilot plants for treatment testing prior to installation of a full scale plant. However, some means of forecasting effectiveness is required to allow for variations in treatment methods, especially in reaching mandated levels of contaminants. The authors describe a chemical analysis protocol which uses bench top testing and calculations to predict filter plant response, and illustrate how these procedures can be effective in treatment selection. Typical water treatment testing has focused on the symptoms, e.g. ion concentrations of iron and manganese, the presence or absence of organic material, and calcium hardness. While pH, iron and manganese concentrations and hardness have often been measured, along with turbidity, other components of groundwater have been ignored. The authors propose a simplified method of analysis and testing that is inclusive, thorough and predictive. Because well water is subject to rapid changes in equilibrium when removed from the ground some of the testing is necessarily performed on site. Procedures use limited laboratory instrumentation and equipment which is readily available to the small system provider. A guide for calculations is suggested and some bench top techniques are discussed.

Product Details

Published: 01/01/1995 ISBN(s): 0898678358 Number of Pages: 12File Size: 1 file , 550 KB